Nursing Interventions
Interventions to lower or stabilize ICP include elevating the head of the bed to thirty degrees, keeping the neck in a neutral position, maintaining a normal body temperature, and preventing volume overload. The patient must be stabilized before transport to radiology for brain imaging.
Also to know is, how do you manage increased intracranial pressure?
Medical options for treating elevated ICP include head of bed elevation, IV mannitol, hypertonic saline, transient hyperventilation, barbiturates, and, if ICP remains refractory, sedation, endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and neuromuscular paralysis.
Correspondingly, what are the four stages of increased intracranial pressure?
Intracranial hypertension is classified in four forms based on the etiopathogenesis: parenchymatous intracranial hypertension with an intrinsic cerebral cause, vascular intracranial hypertension, which has its etiology in disorders of the cerebral blood circulation, meningeal intracranial hypertension and idiopathic …
What is ICP nursing?
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can occur as a sign of a brain tumour, as a consequence of infection or maybe even as a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a fall. The skull is filled with brain matter, intravascular blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What is the best position for a patient with increased intracranial pressure?
In most patients with intracranial hypertension, head and trunk elevation up to 30 degrees is useful in helping to decrease ICP, providing that a safe CPP of at least 70 mmHg or even 80 mmHg is maintained. Patients in poor haemodynamic conditions are best nursed flat.
What medications are used to treat increased intracranial pressure?
Osmotic diuretics, (e.g., urea, mannitol, glycerol) and loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, ethacrynic acid) are first-line pharmacologic agents used to lower elevated ICP. Corticosteroids may be beneficial in some patients.
Which is a symptom of increased intracranial pressure?
The main symptoms are headache, confusion, decreased alertness, and nausea. A person’s pupils may not respond to light in the usual way. A person with increased ICP may need urgent treatment.
Which nursing intervention should the nurse include when administering mannitol?
Which nursing intervention should the nurse include when administering the Mannitol? Use IV tubing with a filter. . It should be administered undiluted, but through a filter to prevent the administration of any particulates. The nurse administers the normal saline using an electronic controller and a buretrol.
Why is LP contraindicated in raised ICP?
While some patients with CT evidence of increased ICP have undergone LP without herniation, CT findings of increased ICP place patients at a dramatically increased risk for herniation if an LP is performed. Therefore, LP should be avoided when any signs of increased ICP are seen on CT.