Emphysema is a pathologic diagnosis defined by permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. This leads to a dramatic decline in the alveolar surface area available for gas exchange. Furthermore, loss of alveoli leads to airflow limitation by 2 mechanisms.
Hereof, what causes COPD pathophysiology?
COPD can develop due to many different factors, but the most common cause is cigarette smoke. Other common risks include environmental and genetic factors. Inhaling any pollutant can cause COPD, whether it is cigarette smoke, industrial chemicals, cooking fumes, or heavy air pollution.
Also, what is the main pathology abnormality of emphysema?
An abnormal distribution of ventilation:perfusion ratios—due to the anatomical changes found in COPD—is the main mechanism for abnormal gas exchange. The extent of impairment of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide per litre of alveolar volume correlates well with the severity of emphysema.